比特币：点对点电子现金论文
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我一直在研究一种全新的电子现金系统，它完全是点对点的，不需要可信第三方。
论文见： http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
主要特性： 防止双重支付，使用点对点网络。 没有铸币厂或其他可信方。 参与者可以匿名。 新币通过 Hashcash 风格的工作量证明生成。 新币生成的工作量证明同时为网络提供算力，以防止双重支付。
比特币：一种点对点电子现金系统
摘要。纯粹点对点的电子现金版本可以让在线支付直接从一方发送给另一方，而不必承担经过金融机构的负担。数字签名提供了部分解决方案，但如果仍然需要可信方来防止双重支付，主要优点就会丧失。我们提出一种使用点对点网络解决双重支付问题的方法。网络通过把交易哈希进持续增长的、基于哈希的工作量证明链来为交易加时间戳，形成一份不重新完成工作量证明就无法改变的记录。最长链不仅可以证明所见事件的顺序，还能证明它来自最大的 CPU 算力池。只要诚实节点控制网络中最多的 CPU 算力，它们就能生成最长链并赶过任何攻击者。网络本身只需要最小的结构。消息以尽力而为的方式广播，节点可以随时离开并重新加入网络，并接受最长的工作量证明链作为它们离开期间发生了什么的证明。
完整论文： http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
中本聪
英文原文
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I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.
The paper is available at: http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
The main properties: Double-spending is prevented with a peer-to-peer network. No mint or other trusted parties. Participants can be anonymous. New coins are made from Hashcash style proof-of-work. The proof-of-work for new coin generation also powers the network to prevent double-spending.
Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
Abstract. A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without the burdens of going through a financial institution. Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network. The network timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed without redoing the proof-of-work. The longest chain not only serves as proof of the sequence of events witnessed, but proof that it came from the largest pool of CPU power. As long as honest nodes control the most CPU power on the network, they can generate the longest chain and outpace any attackers. The network itself requires minimal structure. Messages are broadcasted on a best effort basis, and nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will, accepting the longest proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they were gone.
Full paper at: http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
Satoshi Nakamoto