比特币：点对点电子现金论文
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只要诚实节点控制网络中最多的 CPU 算力， 它们就能生成最长链并赶超任何攻击者。
但事实并非如此。坏人经常控制由 100,000 台甚至更多机器组成的僵尸机群。我认识一些维护垃圾邮件发送僵尸主机黑名单的人，他们告诉我，他们经常每天看到一百万台新的僵尸主机。
这也是 hashcash 无法在如今的互联网中奏效的原因——好人的计算火力远远弱于坏人。
感谢你提出这一点。
我确实没有把那句话说得足够明确。要求是好人合起来拥有的 CPU 算力超过任何单个攻击者。
会有许多规模较小、不足以压倒网络的僵尸机群，而它们仍然可以通过生成比特币赚钱。于是，这些较小的机群就成了“诚实节点”。（我需要一个比“诚实”更好的词。）越多小型机群转而生成比特币，压倒网络的门槛就会越高，也会让更大的机群变得不足以压倒网络，这样它们还不如也去生成比特币。按照“长尾”理论，小型、中型和只是比较大型的机群加在一起，应该会远远超过最大的僵尸机群。
即使坏人真的压倒了网络，也不意味着他会立刻暴富。他能做到的只是收回自己花出去的钱，就像开空头支票一样。要利用这一点，他必须从商家那里买东西，等商品发货，再压倒网络并试图拿回自己的钱。我认为，搞这样的盗刷骗局，赚到的钱不会像生成比特币那么多。有那么大的僵尸机群，他生成的比特币可以比其他所有人加起来还多。
比特币网络实际上可能会通过把僵尸机群吸引去生成比特币，反而减少垃圾邮件。
中本聪
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As long as honest nodes control the most CPU power on the network, they can generate the longest chain and outpace any attackers.
But they don't. Bad guys routinely control zombie farms of 100,000 machines or more. People I know who run a blacklist of spam sending zombies tell me they often see a million new zombies a day.
This is the same reason that hashcash can't work on today's Internet -- the good guys have vastly less computational firepower than the bad guys.
Thanks for bringing up that point.
I didn't really make that statement as strong as I could have. The requirement is that the good guys collectively have more CPU power than any single attacker.
There would be many smaller zombie farms that are not big enough to overpower the network, and they could still make money by generating bitcoins. The smaller farms are then the "honest nodes". (I need a better term than "honest") The more smaller farms resort to generating bitcoins, the higher the bar gets to overpower the network, making larger farms also too small to overpower it so that they may as well generate bitcoins too. According to the "long tail" theory, the small, medium and merely large farms put together should add up to a lot more than the biggest zombie farm.
Even if a bad guy does overpower the network, it's not like he's instantly rich. All he can accomplish is to take back money he himself spent, like bouncing a check. To exploit it, he would have to buy something from a merchant, wait till it ships, then overpower the network and try to take his money back. I don't think he could make as much money trying to pull a carding scheme like that as he could by generating bitcoins. With a zombie farm that big, he could generate more bitcoins than everyone else combined.
The Bitcoin network might actually reduce spam by diverting zombie farms to generating bitcoins instead.
Satoshi Nakamoto